面向旅客换乘的城镇群出行服务链研究

　　吕骥 　　       目前我国正处于城镇化加速阶段，城镇群内居民的城际出行发生剧变，而现阶段的运输服务和管理体制没能有效地适应和应对这种变化，产生了城际交通与城市交通衔接不畅、各交通方式缺乏协调整合等诸多城镇群交通问题，给旅客造成了换乘不便、体力透支、服务缺位等出行困难。 　　       首先，本研究通过对过往文献的梳理，参考出行链有关研究，提出了城际出行链概念和结构模型， 按照复杂程度把城际出行链分为复杂链和简单链两类。 在此基础上，从出行链结构、主导方式、出行目的、出行层次等角度对长三角地区旅客城际出行流程进行了数据分析，梳理出 14 种典型模式的城际出行链，对比各类城际出行链在出行时耗、出行成本、出发时间、停留天数、换乘方式、同行旅伴的差异性。 　　       其次，本研究以旅客换乘为核心，通过数据分析和建立模型两种方式对换乘服务和换乘设施进行了研究。宏观层面，在对两类特殊城际出行链的换乘分析基础上，提出了“轴幅共享”和“网络直达”两种互补的区域城际换乘服务模式。微观层面，通过对调查问卷中换乘相关问题的深入分析，探索了城际换乘需求定位和服务水平差异性的原因。 此外， 在城际换乘设施影响因素分析的基础上，建立结构方程模型并识别出设施满意度的关键影响因素为“步行感受”和“垂直运输”。 　　       最后，本研究在分析城际出行服务需求的基础上，从旅客出行全过程的角度提出出行服务链的概念和内涵，并构建出行服务链的拓扑结构模型，还根据实际提出了一种带有分销商的多层出行服务链。随后从旅客偏好角度将旅客分为“普通出行者、移动爱好者、高端体验者”等三类不同群体, 讨论差别化的交通服务。同时从运输服务角度提出了门户共享、中转衔接、体系建设等五项出行服务策略，帮助运输企业从换乘优化的角度改善旅客换乘和出行感受。 　　关键词：城镇群、城际出行链、旅客换乘行为、出行服务链 　　  　　    At present, China is in the stage of accelerating urbanization, a number of economically developed areas are being transformed into the urban agglomeration form. Based on the trend, intercity travel in the urban agglomeration has changed tremendously. However, the travel service and administrative system in the present stage could not effectively adapt and respond to the changes, resulting in lack of coordination and integration between intercity transport system and urban transport system, and many other problems as well. As a result, these caused passengers’ exhaustion and the inconvenience in the transfer process. 　　    Firstly, this study concluded the historical literature related to trip chain research, and put forward the concept and structure model of “intercity trip chain”. In addition, this study proposed the concepts of complex chain and simple chain according to the complexity of the inter-city travel chain. In consideration of of intercity trip chain, this study studies the structure of intercity trip chain, main travel mode, trip purpose, duration of stay, etc. based on the data from travel survey of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglormeration. Moreover, it concludes 14 kinds of typical patterns of intercity trip chain, and then compared travel time, travel cost, departure time, duration of the trip, transfer mode and travel companions of various types of intercity travel chain. 　　    Secondly, this study passenger investigated the transfer service and transfer facilities through descriptive analysis and modeling. At the macro level, for the intercity travel in the county level and those containing two intercity travel modes, the “axis amplitude sharing” service mode and “network direct” service mode are discussed. At the micro level, based on the data analysis of the surveys, the study obtainded the impact of personal attributes and travel attributes on the intercity transfers attitudes, and explored the reason of difference between intercity transfer demand and level of service. Furthermore， Based on the analysis of impact factors of intercity transfer facility, structural equation model was established and key factors of the intercity passenger satisfaction could be recogonized as “ walking experience” and “ vertical transportation”. 　　    Finally, based on the demand of intercity travel service, this study proposed the concept travel services chain and built the topology model of travel service chain from the perspective of the whole process of the travel. Furthermore, a distributor’s multilayer travel service chain was also discussed. Then the the passengers are divided into ordinary travelers, mobile enthusiasts, and high-end experience by so that different travel services preferences can be provided. Besides, this study put forward five travel services strategy to help transport companies to improve the transfer environment and passengers’ travel experiences. 　　Key Words:  urban agglomeration, intercity travel, trip chain, transfer behavior, travel service chain